Safety device for display of train-order signals.



No. sa3,as|. Patented out; I, 19m.

E. E. OVEBHOLT. SAFETY DEVICE FOR DISPLAY OF TRAIN ORDER SIGNALS.

(Application filed Mar. 22, 1991.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Shet l.

INVENTOR N0. 683,86l. Patented Oct. I, I90l. E. E. OVERI-IOLT.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR DISPLAY OF TRAIN ORDER SIGNALS.

(Application filed Mar. 29, 1901.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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No. 683,86]. Patented Oct. I, I9DI. E. E. DVERHDLT. SAFETY DEVICE FORDISPLAY OF TRAIN ORDER SIGNALS. (Application filed Mar. 22, 1901.)

(No Modgl-J S'Shaats-Shaot 3.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

EDWIN .E. OVERHOLT, OF W'ASIIINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TOTHE OVERHOLT RAILW A Y SIGNAL COMPANY, OF

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR DISPLAY OF TRAIN-ORDER SIGNALS.

SEEGIIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 683,861, datedOctober 1, 1901.

Application filed March 22, 1901. Serial No. 52,386. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWIN E. OVERHOLT, a citizen 'of the United States,residing at Washington, in the District of Oolumbia,have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Safety Devices for the Display ofTrain-Order Signals; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates -to devices for the prompt and proper display ofsignals in railroading, and is equally adapted to either of the twosystems of signaling now in common use-namely, that in which the signalstands normally clear and that in which it stands normally at dangerwhen orders are received for a train.

For the benefit of those not acquainted with railroading let it be saidthat when we speak of the signal being set re'd, which is synonymouswith being set at danger, we mean that the train-order signal, which isusually painted red, has been brought into a horizontal position,pointing across the railroad-track, as illustrated in Fig. 15, and thatwhen it is set clear or white it is in a dependent position, with theend of the signal next the railroad-track pointing downward to theground.

My object is to provide means adapted to cooperate with railroad signalsor semaphores in such a way that it will be impossible for an operatorto receive an order for a train without displaying the danger-signal,even though he be careless or in a stupor from overwork or loss ofsleep. Hence it will appear that a device of the character herein shownwill be of great value, especially on single-track railroads, wherethere is constantly more or less danger of head-end collisions, whichdanger to life and property may be practically averted by the use of myinvention, as herein set forth.

A further object is to divide the responsibility of having the propersignal displayed among three partiesthe train-despatcher, the operator,and the conductor or the engineman for whose train the orders areintended-and this is done in such a way that if an accident should occurthe faulty party could at once be detected.

Another very important object in view has been the practical one ofobtaining these results by means purely mechanical-means so simple andof so few parts that there shall be nothing to easily wear out or getout of order, and withal that may be manufactured and installed at aminimum cost without fur- 6o ther cost for maintaining.

These practical considerations render the employment of electricity forthis and kindred purposes very undesirable, as such appliances arenecessarily complicated, having many parts, are costly and diificult tomanufactnre, areexpensive to maintain, and easy to get out of order,besides requiring an expert for their most successful operation.

It is in contradistinction to means employ- 7o ing electricityparticularly that I have used the terms means mechanical and mechanicalmeans, in the specification and claims of this application.

To fully appreciate the operation and construction of my invention, aswell as its adaptability to the work to be done, it must be bornein mindthat in the requirements necessary to its operation it conformstocertain arbitrary rules in common use among all railroad companies, andthat it compels the punctual and faithful observance of these rules withpossible slight additions under some circumstances. These rules aresubstantially as follows-namely, all railroad companies have specially-prepared blanks upon which operators are required to receivetrain-orders. In receiving orders for a train the operator is requiredto take a number of manifolds or carbon copies of the same, and 9c in nocase less than two-one for the conductor and one for the engineman onthe train for which the orders are intended-in addition to the copywhich he keeps. As soon as ordersfor a train, or danger. WVhen theexpected train arrives, the conductor and engineman are each given acopy of the orders received, which copies must be signed by theoperator. In like manner the conductor must sign the copy, which theoperator keeps as evidence that he (the operator) has discharged hisduty faithfully. In order that all copies of an order may be alike inevery respect-position on the page and all--it is required that they bemade before the slips of paper on which they are written are detachedfrom the tablet, and it is obligatory on conductors not to sign or inany other way recognize orders that have been detached from the tablets.

Briefly stated, the principles of the construction and operation of myinvention are as follows: It consists, primarily, of a box or cabinetcontaining blank train-order tablets normally locked therein. Thiscabinet also contains a bar with which the signal is operated and whichat the same time it is operating the signal is cooperating with the doorof the cabinet in such a way as to lock and unlock it. The operator iscompelled not only to put all his train-order tablets into the cabinet,but also to lock them in every time he sets his signal clear for a trainto proceed, since the bar which operates the signal cannot be moved tillthe door is closed, and when moved in the direction to set the signalclear it locks the door in this closed position, so that when theoperator needs a tablet upon which to receive the next order he iscompelled to move the operating-bar in the proper direction to unlockthe cabinet containing the tablets, and this movement of theoperating-bar again displays the dangersignal. I

In order that the operator shall be compelled, as stated above, toreplace all the tablets in the cabinet before he can give theopcrating-bar the proper movement to set the signal clear, the cabinetis provided with a series of locks equal to the number of tablets it isadapted to carry, one look for each tablet, each of said locks beingoperated independently of the others by its own individual tablet. Theselocks cooperate with the operating-bar in such a way that when one ofthe tablets is removed its lock engages said bar and will not permit itto be moved to clear the signal till the tablet-lock has beendisengaged, which can only be done by replacing the tablet in thecabinet.

For any who may desire it I have further provided means whereby when thesignal has been set at danger it cannot be changed till the conductor ofthe incoming train arrives and cooperates with the operator in settingthe signal clear.

Again, I have provided means whereby a watchmans time-recorder may beused in connection with the signal-operating mechanism to indicate, ifneed be, the exact time at which the signal is set--in every instancecease-i either red or white. In connection with the signal-operatingmechanism I have also provided means whereby an alarm will be givenevery time a train attempts to pass a danger-signal without heeding it.

Having thus briefly set forth the principles and operation of myinvention, I now proceed to more specifically and fully describe thesame and the means whereby these results are accomplished, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisapplication, and in which- Figure 1 is a perspective View of the cabinetcontaining the blank tablets upon which train-orders are to be received.Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the cabinet with its top and lid or doorremoved. Fig. 3 is a View of the lid or door of the cabinet. Fig. 4 is aper spective view of the tablet-locks as they appear related to eachother in their operative position. Fig. 5 is a perspective, on a largerscale, of one of these locks removed from the group to which it belongs.Fig. 6 illustrates a central vertical section of the cabinet. Fig. '7 isa similar view showing slight modifications and additions. Fig. 8 is aview in per spective of the operating-bar. Fig. 9 is a perspective Viewof the inner top section of the cabinet. Fig. 10 is a perspective of thelocking-plate of the operating-bar. Figs. 11, 12, and 13 illustratedifferent forms of tablets that may be, used. Fig. 14 is a sectionalview of the form of cabinet illustrated in Fig. 7, having theoperating-bar thrust inward and one of the tablets partially withdrawn,said bar also being shown in cooperation with a watchmans time-recorder.Fig. 15 shows a semaphore provided with means for sounding an alarm whenthe danger-signal is unheeded. Fig. 16 illustrates a slightly-modifiedform of the same. Fig. 17 shows a modified form of the alarmdeverillustrated in Fig. 15. Fig. 18 is a perspective of the alarm -lever ofFig. 16.

For convenience of reference I have indicated the various parts of myinvention by numerals, the same numerals referring to the same partsthroughout the various figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 1 indicates the case or cabinet,provided with the horizontal shelves or tablet-supportsf. and having thevertically-moving lid or door 3, the operating-bar 4e, and the series oftabletlocks 5. The shelves 2 have sufficient space between them toeasily receive a blank tablet for train-orders. In Figs. 1 and 2 thespaces intervening between the shelves are exactly equal to thethickness of the shelves.

The door 3, made, preferably, of metal, is provided with a series ofalternating cut-away and uncut-away portions corresponding in number andin width to the shelves and intervening spaces of the cabinet anddesigned to cooperate therewith to open and close the cabinet.

The front edges of the right and left sides ess,se1

of the cabinet extend forward slightly in front of the shelves, and eachof these forward extensions is provided on its inner face with avertical groove 6, and into these grooves the door 3 is snugly received,so that it may freely move up and down therein.

When the uncut-away portions of the door forming the fingers 7 arebrought into position to overlap the spaces 2, intervening between theshelves, the door is said to be closed, as access to the spaces 2* isthereby cut OE, and when the cut-away portions of the door are inregistration with the spaces intervening between the shelves of thecabinet the door is said to be open, as all the spaces are thenaccessible.

The shelves 2 are provided with the recesses 8, centrally located on thefront edge thereof, and the central portion of the door is also removed,forming an opening which coincides with these recesses and permits thetablets to be easily grasped.

Centrally located in the front and rear sides of the cabinet and nearthe bottom thereof are the rectangular apertures 9, adapted to movablyreceive the operating-bar 4, and in the bottom of the door 3 is theopening 10, through which the said operating-bar 4 extends outwardlywhen the door is in its operative position. Extending downwardly fromthe upper side of this opening 10 of the door is the lug 11. Between thelower end of this lug and the lower side of the opening 10 there is justsufficient space to easily receive the operating-bar 4, and it will beseen that when this space is brought into position to receive the saidoperating-bar, as in Fig. 1, the door is in its closed position, and,further, that when the operating-bar" is in the position shown in thatfigure the door can be moved neither upward nor downward, but is lockedin that position by the bar, and that even though the top of the cabinetshould be removed the door could not thereby be moved in a way to gainaccess to any of the tablets. If the lower part of the door were removedand the opening 10, which at first sight seems unnecessary, were therebydone away with, leaving thelug 11 extending downwardly from the bottomof the door, then by removing the top of the cabinet the door could beremoved and access had to all the tablets without changing the positionof the operating-bar, and hence Without moving the signal; but theobject of providing the opening 10, through which the operating-bar 4must pass, is to prevent that possibility.

The operating-bar 4 is provided with the aperture 12, adapted tocooperatewith the lug 11 of the door, and when it is desired to unlockthedoor all that is necessary is to move the operating-bar forward tillthe said aperture 12 is brought into position to receive the lug 11,which permits the door to drop downwardly by gravity a sufficientdistance to open the cabinet, as already explained, and renders all thetablets accessible.

The forward end of the operating-bar 4 car.-

ries the bolt 13, engaging the rod 14, Figs. 1, 15, and 16, by which thesignal is operated, and it is apparent from the construction shown thatthe forward movement of the operating-bar necessary to the unlocking ofthe doorof the cabinet will move the operatingrod 14 of the signal in adirection to set the signal at danger, as it appears in Figs. 15 and 16.Hence we see that the very act of unlocking the cabinet to get a blankupon which to receive a train-order sets the signal red, so that it cannever be said of an opoperator that from weariness or overwork heforgot, or even neglected, to display the proper signal, for the systemand mechanism employed compel him to display it before an order isreceived, and the only way not to display the signal is notto receivethe order at all, in which case the despatcher holds the train, it beingan established rule that a train shall never be permitted to proceedbeyond certain points till orders have been received for that train atcertain, other points ahead; and it is evident that where my inventionis in use if an order be received and wired back to the despatcher heknows that the proper signal is displayed at the point to which theorder was sent.

The operating-bar 4 has, the recess.15 (Clearly illustrated in Fig. 8.)This recess is surrounded by the plate 16, Figs. 8 and 10, and is solocated that when the bar is thrust forward sufficiently to bring thelug ll of the door into cooperation with the recess 12 of said bar thesaid recess 15 will bein registration with the series of tablet-locks,with which looks it is designed to cooperate. These tablet-locks areclearly illustrated in perspective in Figs. 4 and 5 and are looselysupported in a vertical position in the rear part of the cabinet, theirupper and lower ends being received, respectively, into the apertures ofthe plates 18 and 19, the former of whichis carried by the top shelf of,the cabinet, Fig. 2, being countersunk therein, and the latter isattached to the under side of the lower shelf very close to theoperatingbar 4, the reason of which will be pointed out hereinafter.Partly for the sake of economizing space the central front portion ofthese locks is deeply cut away. Each, however, is provided at a certainpoint in its length with an uncut-away portion 20, which forms afor-Wardly-extending lug or projection which has its lower edge inclined.These tabletdocks correspond in number to the number of shelves in thecabinetone for each shelfand their forward projections 20 are so locatedthat the lower or inclined face of some one of these projections isnormallysubstantially opposite each one of the intervening spacesbetween the shelves of the cabinet, so that when a tablet is thrust intoone of these intervening spaces its front edge will come into contactwith the inclined face of the projection 20 of one of the locks and willelevate the lock sufficiently to lift it out of contact with theoperating-bar and will support it in that position, Fig. 7. Of coursethe tendency of these locks is to drop downwardly by gravity till theyrest upon the bar 4; but they cannot thus drop down till the tablets aremoved out of their normal position, and this cannot take place till theoperatingbar has been moved forward to that point which permits the doorto become unlocked by gravity, which movement of the bar 4, as alreadyspecified, sets the signal red and brings the recess of the barimmediately beneath the series of tablet-locks. It then follows thatwhenever a tablet is withdrawn the lock which it controls will dropdownwardly into the said recess 15, as shown in Fig. 14, where theoperatingbar is thrust inward, the door unlocked, and one of the tabletspartially withdrawn. Hence it happens that whenever one or more of thetablets are withdrawn the operating-bar is thereby locked in theposition which holds the danger-signal displayed; nor is there any wayof withdrawing the bar, and thereby changing the signal, till all thetablets have been restored to their normal position in the cabinet, andnot only must they be restored to their position in the cabinet, but thecabinet must be looked upon them before the operating-bar can be movedoutwardly to change the signal, for it is apparent that when the tabletsare all in their normal position in the cabinet and their looks allelevated out of contact with the operating-bar the bar is still lockedin the position it occupies till the door is moved upwardly a sufficientdistance to disengage its lug 11 from the recess 12 of the said bar 4:,which upward movement of the door locks the tablets in the cabinet as itunlocks and frees the bar. \Vhen the bar has thus been freed, but nottill then, can it be drawn inwardly as a means of changing the signalfrom danger to clear. The movement of the bar is properly limited by thestop 21, which is rigidly attached at the proper point to the under sideof said bar. The plate 19, as already stated, is located very close tothe operating-bar, the object of this being to give the locks thegreatest possible power of resistance without liability to becometwisted or warped by any unusual strain imposed upon them-as, forinstance, by a sudden jerk of the operating-bar--in order to set thesignal clear when the operator has forgotten to replace one or more ofthe tablets in the cabinet. The reason why the operator is not onlycompelled to replace all the tablets in the cabinet every time he setsthe signal clear, but also to lock them in, is that next time atrain-order is given and he Wants a blank upon which to receive the samehe will be compelled to operate his box in order to obtain said blank,and this operation insures that the danger-signal shall again bedisplayed.

The tablets used in this device may be made in the usual way-that is,attached to a basepiece or back of ordinary pasteboard-but preferablywith this difference, that the basepiece shall be longer than thetablet, so that it will extend beyond it either to the front or rear, asillustrated in Figs. 11 and 13, or in both directions, as shown in Fig.12. The tablet is attached to the base-piece in the ordinary way bycausing the two to adhere together by the application of glue to agreater or less portion of their adjacent surfaces or in any preferredway. The projecting portions 22 of the tablets are utilized to operatethe tablet-locks, as may be clearly seen from Figs. 6, 7, and 14, forwhile the tablets without this projecting portion could be made toreliably operate the locks it could not be done with so great an economyof space, as a greater and constantly-varying distance of movement ofthe locks would have to be provided for, due to the greater andconstantlyvarying thickness of the tablets, and there are other reasonsWhy this arrangement is better, one of which is that only a very slightand uniform movement of the locks has to be provided for. It will benoticed that these projections extend sufficiently beyond the tablet toprevent the tablet-blanks from coming in contact with the lugs 20, bywhich their edges might be marred or torn.

In the tablet illustrated in Fig. 11, with the base-piece projecting infront, if the tablet should be suddenly thrust into its place in thecabinet there would be danger of the air getting between the leaves andraising the upper ones, so that they would probably contact with theunder side of the shelf in1n1ediately above and would get turned backand rumpled as the tablet moved inwardly. Oarelessness in entering thetablet into the recess provided for it might prod uce the same result,especially if through handling the corners should have been turned up alittle, as illustrated. Hence it is thought that in practice the formillustrated in Fig. 13, with the base-piece extending to the rear of thetablet, will be the best. This, however, is a matter to be determined byexperience and by the preferences of the users.

With the base-piece extending in both directions, as shown in Fig. 12,either the front or the rear edge of the tablet maybe first entered inthe cabinet, as shall best suit the pleasure or convenience of theoperator.

The tablet-locks may be made of any preferred material; but it isthought that metal will be bestfor that purpose. Aluminium, on accountof its lightness, might be found useful here, as the locks if made ofthis material would still be sufficiently heavy to drop down promptly bygravity and engage the bar 4 whenever a tablet was removed. These locksmade of ordinary strap-iron give entire satisfaction, as has been provedby actual test, and it is also found that ordinary or even lightpasteboard base-pieces used with the tablets are all that is necessaryto un failingly operate the locks. It will be observed from Fig. 9, aswell as in the sectional views of the cabinet, that there is a recessedportion 23 in the center of the rear edges of the lugs and elevatesthelocks is supported by.

the upper edges of the walls of these recesses. By this means thatportion of the base-piece of the tablets which contacts with the locksis so well supported that it may be made of comparatively lightmaterial; butsupposing the recess 23 to be dispensed with and the pathof the locks to be entirely in the rear of the shelves, even thenordinary pasteboard base-pieces would answer every requirement. No twoof the lugs of the tablet-locks lie in the same vertical plane. Hence itis apparent that every time a tablet is replaced in a different shelffrom the one it was removed from a different point on the base piecethereof comes'in contact with the lug of the tablet-lock. Hence the veryslight wear that takes place on the edge of the base-piece of the tabletis not all at one point.

Inasmuch as it is contrary to the rules of all railroads for a train toleave a station till the train-order signal is set clear, it followsthat of necessity the conductor and engineman of each train that hasbeen stopped by a train-order signal become interested parties incertain operations of the box whenever they are delayed by the failureof the operator to properly display the white signal. Their own personalsafety also makes them vitally interested in seeing that the operatorperforms his duty faithfully in displaying the danger-signal, and mydevice herein set forth makes it easy for them to detect any neglectupon his part, as in that case it becomes an infallible witness againsthim. If, however, on the other hand,he has been faithful in thedischarge of his duty and has displayed the proper signal and they failto regard it, the apparatus then becomes a faithful witness againstthem, all of which will be pointed out more fully hereinafter.

It has already been shown that the forward movement of the operating-bart necessary to lower the door as a means of unlocking the cabinetpermits the bar to be locked in its forward position by means of thedownwardly-extending lug 11 entering the recess 12 of the bar and thatevery time a tablet is removed from the cabinet the bar is additionallylocked in this position by one ofthe tablet-locks dropping into therecess 15 of the bar. In addition to these safeguards I have furtherprovided for any who may desire it a third lock for the operating-bar,whichlock engages the bar whenever the signal is set at danger andrenders it absolutely impossible to change it to clear till a train hasarrived bringing a conductor or engineman, who must cooperate with theoperator in order to change the signal. This lock 24 is illustrated inFigs. 7 and 14 and is located on the inner side of the back of thecabinet immediately above the operating-bar. The locking-plate 16 of thebarat is provided at its inner end with the recess 25. (Clearlyillustrated in Figs. 8 and 10.) This recess is so located with referenceto the lock 24, whichis preferably a spring-lock, that when the bar4 ismoved into position for the lug 11 of the door to engage the recess 12of the said bar the look 24 will simultaneously therewith engage therecess 25, as shown in Fig. 1t. Now I propose that only conductors andenginemen shall be given keys to this lock. Hence the necessity that oneor the other of them cooperate with the operator in moving the bar tochange the signal. Access is had to this look through the keyhole 26.

In order to guard against accidents in case some of the signal operatingmechanism should get broken, it is customary to so construct signalsthat their tendency is to stand at danger. This is usually effected bymaking the rear end 27, Figs. 15 and 16, of l the signal very heavy incomparison with the front portion or blade 28 thereof, which is usuallymade thin and light. Hence the signals always tend to assume theposition shown in Figs. 15 and 16, and being connected with theoperating-bar 4, as set forth in this application, it follows that whenthe signal is set at clear the bar will receive a tendency from thesignal to move inwardly. Hence in the case of roads having their signalsstanding normally clear it is necessary to provide means such that whenthe bar is withdrawn 'to set the. signal clear it may be convenientlyand securely held in that position, and to provide for this withoutadding any additional parts to my device I have utilized the lug ll ofthe door for this purpose, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 7, inwhich case I have provided the protecting-plate 16, Fig. 10, of theoperating-bar 4, Fig. 8, with the recess 29, and this recess is solocated with reference to the stop 2lon the under side of theoperating-bar that when the bar is withdrawn to its full limit (as itmustbe to set the signal clear) the recess 26 will be brought intoregistration with the afore said lug 11, which will drop down into it bygravity, and thereby lock the bar in that position. Hence it appearsthat the lug 11 of the door coiiperates with the bard to lock it, andthrough it the signal, in whichever position it is caused to assume. Itgoes without saying that all that is necessary in either case in orderto remove this look is to elevate, the door, which can easily be done byplacing the forefinger on top of the cabinet at the front edge thereofand bringing the thumb under the top bar of the door or under the thumbpiece 3 attached thereto and ,lifting it upward.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 6 the thickness ofpthe shelves and the width of theintervening all spaces are equal, except in so far as the thickness ofthe shade lines elfect the showing intended, and the width of thefingers 7 of the doors in those figures is the same as the width of theshelves and spaces with which the said fingers cooperate, so that whenthe door is at its downward limit the spaces are entirely uncoveredandthe edges of the shelves are entirely covered, and vice versa. This provides for the shortest possible vertical movement of the door toentirely open and close the intervening spaces of the cabinet; but inFigs. 7 and 14 the arrangement shown requires that the door move thesame distance asin the other case plus the depth of the recess 29 of theprotecting-plate 16 of the guide-bar 4, Figs. Sand 10, and that this maybe accom' plished and yet have the intervening spaces between theshelves of the cabinet entirely closed when its lug ll is brought intoengagementwith the recess 29 I have made the thickness of the shelvesequal to that of the other shelves plus the depth of the recess 29, andfrom the width of the intervening spaces is subtracted the space addedto the shelves. The fingers of the door are the same width as in theother case. By this arrangement the spaces intervening between theshelves of the cabinet are entirely closed when the signal is set atclear, and when thus closed, as in Fig. 7, the fingers 7 of the dooroverlap the lower side of the intervening spaces a distance equal to thedepth of the recess 29.; but while the bar is in the process of beingwithdrawn into the position just indicated theintervening spaces arealso closed, but with the fingers of the door overlapping them the samedistance at their top edges.

From what has been said about the tendency of the signal to pull the bar4 inwardly it might be more accurate in speaking of the movement of thisbar to say that we permit the bar to move inwardly. However, it is onlya matter of expediency as to which way the bar shall be arranged tomovein order to set the signal in a given position. It might be arrangedjust as well for it to move outwardly in order to display thedanger-signal as to move inwardly, as shown. However, if thedanger-signal is to be displayed the greater portion of the time it isthen better for the bar to be thrust inward for that purpose, as in thatposition only the handle of the bar projects in front of the box to bein the way of the operator, for it is thought that the best place tolocate the cabinet will usually be on the operators table, rigidlysecured thereto near his telegraph instruments.

In case an operator should be wilfully perverse and should so fardisobey the rules as to take a train-order on ordinary paper or onanother tablet or on anything whatsoever than one of the tabletswithdrawn from the cabinet after he had been called to the telegraphinstrument to receive the order I pro- Videthe means illustrated in Fig.14, whereby he may be detected. Of course we are providing against acondition that cannot arise from stupor occasioned by overwork or lossof sleep, or from stupidity, or even from carelessness or inefficiency,but from pure, wilful, premeditated perversity, such as gettinga tabletby theft or cunning or by removing one from the cabinet and replacing itwith something else, 850. It goes without saying that an operator couldonly make his task more diflicultby not using hisbox;but the dangerarises from the fact that if he should receive an order withoutoperating his box, and thereby setting his signal red, he might forgetto set his signal and a collision might ensue, or if so perverse hemight intentionally leave the signal clear in order to wreck a train,only being careful to set the signal red after the train had passed inorder to make it appear to those who came to investigate that he haddone his duty by displaying the proper signal, and thereby put the blameof the wreck on an innocent conductor or engineman. To infallibly detectany such evil attempt upon the part of an operator, I provide meanswhereby some part of the signal-operating mechanism shall cooperate witha watchmans time-recorder in such way that there will be a record madeevery time the signal is operated. In the present instance I havepreferred to locate the time-recorder 30 on the wall 31 of the operatorsoffice just above the operating-bar 4;. The time-recorder is suitablyprotected by the housing or casing 32, which is provided on its frontside with the transparent door 33, through which the face of therecorder may be viewed. Only conductors or other designated parties areprovided with means for opening the housing 32 and gaining aocess to thetime-recorder within. The operating-bar 4; enters the housing 32 throughan aperture 34; in the lower front side thereof. This bar carries anangle or bracket 35, which comes in contact with the recording-pin 36 ofthe time-recorder when the bar is thrust inward to unlock the cabinetand makes a record of the time the act takes place.

As the watchmans time-recorder is not a part of my present invention,but only an accessory thereto, its parts are only slightly illustrated,as it is thought that all the reference necessary thereto can be made byspecification.

The inward movement of the pin 36 is resisted by a spring which causesit to promptly move outward Whenever the bar't is withdrawn. The innerend of this pin 36 is bent upwardly and trips the trigger of thetimerecorder by both its inward and its outward movement, so that itmakes a record both coming and going, and that without in any wayinterfering with the rotation of the dial of the recorder, however longthe signal may be left in one position or the other. Hence it isapparent that the recorder will show just how often the bar was movedinward or outward and will also show the exact time at which eachmovement was made, and if an operator from evil intent should fail todisplay the danger-signal till after the train had passed thetime-recorder would indicate that fact when investigation was made. Thisshowing could only be prevented by breaking the recorder,whicl1 wouldofitself be sufficient evidence of guilt; but, besides this, let it beborne in mind that when a train despatcher gives an operator atrain-order the operatoris required to repeat the order to thedespatcher, so that he may verify it. The despatcher not only keeps acopy of the order, but opposite it on his order-book notes the time atwhich it was verified.

It has already been stated that when an operator receives an order he isrequired to take at least two manifold copies of the sameone for theconductor and one for the engineman of the train for which the order isgivenand that he must require the conductor to sign the copy which hekeeps for his (the operators) own use and for inspection. Now if it berequired of the conductor that whenever he signs his name to theoperators copy to also write opposite his signature the time at whichthat order was received, as indicated by the time-recorder, it becomesapparent that any failure upon the part of the operator to operate hisboX at the time he receives orders may be readily discovered when thesesigned orders are inspected, since the time they were received, asgathered from the time-recorder and noted opposite the signature of theconductor, will not correspond to the time the order was verified, asshown by the despatchers record-book, or the conductor may at statedintervals remove the records from the time-recorder and send them totheparty who inspects the orders. By comparing these records with theorders sent in for inspection, or with the despatchers order-book, anoperators record for a long period may be easily reviewed. Hence anunfaithful man may be quickly and easily detected and an inspector mayknowas perfectly how faithful or unfaithful his operators have been indisplaying their signals as if he had been standing by each one theentire time. Moreover, if aconductor suspects any unfaithfulness when henotes the record had failed to display a danger-signal till af-' ter thetrain to be stopped had passed. It also possesses additional featuresdesigned to promote safety. As already stated, the signal hereinillustrated normally tends to as sume the danger position, asillustrated in Figs. 15 and 16. The signal-pole carries thesignal-actuating lever 88, pivoted thereto by the pivot-bolt 39. At thelower end of the signallever 38 is the aperture 40, the other end ofsaid bar being connected to the operating-bar 4 of the cabinet by meansof the bolt 13, located in the forward end thereof.

It has already been specified that when the operating-bar 4 of thecabinet has been moved 1 42, which loosely engages the slot 43, locatedin the upper end of the bell-rod 44, the lower end of which rod ispivotally connected to the inner end of the bell-lever 45. At a suitablepoint in its extent this lever 45 has the upward extension 46, at theupper end'of which it is pivoted to the post 47, while the outward andslightly-upturned end 48 thereof stands immediately by therailroad-track and is slightly elevated above the top surface of one ofthe rails 49. Located on the signal-post 37, at any suitable height, isthe hell or gong 50, having the ringing-lever 51. The bell-rod 44carries the adjustable bracket 52, suitably located with reference tothe ringing-lever 51. Now it is apparent from the construction shownthat when the signal is in this position, indicating danger, and a trainpasses over the rails 49 the upturned end 48 of thealarmlever will beforced downwardly, and it is further apparent that 'by this movement,which occurs every time a wheel passes over the end48 of the bell-lever45, the rod 44' will be elevated vertically, and that the bracket 52will contact with the ringing-lever 51 and cause the bell to ring. Theslot 43 at The signallever 38 carries at a suitable point the pivot theupper end of the bar 44 permits the bar to move up and down freelywithout imposing any strain upon the signal-lever 38. The utility ofproviding the alarm-lever 45 with means whereby its fulcrum-point may belocated above the plane occ-upiedby the lever itself is apparentfrom thefollowing consider ations, namely: It is necessary that the upturned end48 of the alarm-lever 45 should be very close to the side of the rail inorder that the wheels of the locomotive and cars may overreach anddepress it when the signal is set at danger. Of course this co'uld beaccomplished with the fulcrum in the same plane occupied by the lever;but in that case if a stone or a piece of material of any kind were toget between the said upturned end 48 of the lever and the rail the leverwould be liable to get wedged fast and would then fail to operate, or ifthe track got spread the same objectionable results would follow, or,again, the effects of freezing or of expansion by heat mightcausebinding between the parts men? 1 tioned. "With theprescntarrangementwhenthe end 48 of the lever is depressed it swings slightly from the rail,so that there can be no binding between these two parts. In practice itwill probably be convenient for the end 48 of the lever to abut againstthe rail, so that the rail may constitute a stop therefor, asillustrated in Fig. 17, and it is apparent that the lever as thereillustrated will readily adapt itself to any spreading of the track orto any changes that may be produced by heat, cold, 850., and that whiledoing this it will always remain abutting against the track in aposition to be depressed by the wheels of a passing train whenever thesignal is standing at danger. When the signal is set clear, the end 48of the lever 45 will be lowered to a plane below the top of the rail, sothat apassing train will not ring the hell. Moreover, if theupwardly-extending stem 46 of the lever 45 extend upwardly very far, asillustrated in Fig. 17, the lever 45 will have suflicient horizontalmotion imparted to it, when the signal is set clear, to withdraw the end48 beyond the reach of the overlapping part of the car-wheels.

Referring to Fig. 15, it will be seen that when the lever 38 is movedupwardly toward the position shown in dotted lines to set the signalclear the rod 44 will move upwardly with it a sufficient distance toring the bell 50, which if the signal-pole be some distance from theoperators oifice, as is often the case, will serve to notify theoperator that the signaling mechanism, 650., is in working order. Whenthe rod 44 descends, as the signal is set to danger, the bracket 52descending with it will permit the ringing-lever 51 to descend, andthereby ring the bell again to notify the operator that the signalingmechanism is intact and that the alarm is set.

If the signal-pole is very near the operators office, and it should forany reason not be desired to have the bell ring every time a signal isset, the slightly-modified form of bell-ringing means illustrated inFig. 16 may be employed. In this figure the signal-operating lever issubstantially like the corresponding lever 38 of Fig. 15. Itssignal-operating rod 54 corresponds to the rod 41 of that figure. It isprovided with the pivot 55, corresponding to the pivot 39 of thatfigure, and the bell-rod 56 has a slot 57, which loosely receives thepivot 55 just as the pivot 42 receives the slot 43 of the rod 44. Theupper end of the bell-rod 56 is held in position by the eyebolt 58,while its lower end passes downwardly through the slot 59, Fig. 18, ofthe bell-lever 60. The lower end of this bell-rod 56 is provided withtwo nuts 61 and 62, separated a short distance from each other, and theportion of the rod lying between these two nut-s is engaged by the slot59 of the lever 60. The outer end 63 of the bell-lever is suificientlyheavy to overhalance the other end of the said lever, and thereby impartto it an upward tendency, which keeps it in contact with the under sideof the nut 61. \Vhen the signal is set at danger, as shown, the upturnedend of the alarm-lever will extend above the face of the .rail 65, andit an engineer should fail to see the signal and should pass on rapidlyover the track the sudden depression which the wheels of his train wouldgive to the upturned end 64 of the lever 60 would cause its inner end tothrust the bell-rod 56 upwardly with such momentum as to uni formly ringthe bells.

To prevent the bell-rod 56 from moving upwardly too far, and therebyimposing a strain on the ringing -levers and possibly jarring thesignal-operating mechanism also, I provide the stop-block 66, made ofyielding material and suitably located immediately above the upper endof said rod. Now if the double bracket 67, adjustably secured to thebellrod 56, be moved up to a point sufliciently near to the bell-ringinglevers 6S, lying in the vertical path of said bracket, the bells 69 willbe rung every time a signal is changed, just as in the case of thebell50 in Fig. 15; but the said double bracket 67 may be located on therod 56 at a point sufficiently below the ringing-levers 68 of the bellsas not to come in contact with them when the rod 56 is moved upwardly inthe act of setting the signal clear. Hence it is amatter of choice withthe operator as to whether the bell shall give a ring every time asignal is set. When the rod 56 is moved upwardly, the weighted end ofthe alarm-lever 60, pivoted to the post 70, will be permitted to movedownwardly by gravity su tficiently to bring the upturned end 64 of saidlever below the path of the overlapping edges of the wheels of a train,so that no alarm will be rung when the signal is set clear.

' In the alarm mechanism illustrated in Fig. 16 I have employed twobells, and the object thereof is not only to produce a greater volume ofsound, but I also propose that the bells shall differ in tone one fromthe other, so that the alarm given shall be all the more marked andnoticeable. Iffound desirable, the internal mechanism of the bells maybe such that they will not both strike simultaneously in ringing, butwill alternate with each other. It is thought thatit will be best tolocate these bells opposite the cab-window, so that they will be moreapt to attract the engineman in case they sound an alarm.

It is a matter of expediency and convenience as to whether thesignal-operating levers 38 and 53 shall be located high up on the pole,as in Fig. 15, or nearto the ground, as in Fig. 16.

From the construction of the alarm appliances connected with the signalsit is appar cut that if for any reason a train should run by one ofthese signals when set at danger not only the conductor and trainmenwould hear the alarm, but everybody on the train, and it the bells havea strikingly noticeable sound, as already mentioned, the traveling IIOpublic would soon come to recognize the significance of this alarm. Itwill further appear that if an operator should fail to display thedanger-signal for a train till after the train had passed not only theconductor and trainmen would be witnesses against him, but everybody onthe train could testify that no alarm was heard, and that therefore hehad not yet set the signal at danger at the time the train passed,however nicely he might have arranged it afterward to shield himselffrom blame.

The above description refers to my invention as applied moreparticularly to singletrack roads, Where there is but one signal used ata station. The method of adapting it to meet the requirements ofdouble-track roads, where two signals are used at each station, and alsothe method of permitting trains to pass for which there are no orderswhile there are orders on hand for other trains and that withoutreturning any of the tablets to the cabinet, will be set forth in asucceeding application.

Having thus fully described the principles of my invention and shownmeans whereby these principles may be applied to use, I yet do not wishto be limited to the exact showing made, but desire protection on allthat comes clearly within the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire protection upon by Letters Patent, is

1. In safety devices for displaying trainorder signals, a casecontaining train-order blanks normally inaccessible therein; meanscooperating therewith compelling the display of the dangersignal, thesetting of an alarm, and the operation of atime-recorder, every time theoperator receives atrain-order, provided the signal is not already atfdanger, and the alarm set, at the time the order is received,substantially as specified and for the purpose set forth.

2. In safety devices for the displayof trainorder signals, one or moretrain'order tablets normally inaccessible; means compelling the displayof the signal, the setting of an alarm both locked in these positionsandthe op eration of a watchmans time-recorder, as the only way of gainingaccess to the tablets; further means compelling that all the tablets beagain rendered inaccessible, before the signal can be changed to clear,or the alarm unset, or another record of time made, whereby the operatoris compelled to repeat the operation every time he receives an orderafter the signal has been set clear, as specified and for the purposeset forth.

3. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, one or moretrain-order tablets rendered normally inaccessible; mechanism forcontrolling the signal, and an alarm, and operating a time-recorder;means cooperating with said mechanism, by Which-in the act of gainingaccess to the tablets-4t is locked beyond the control ofthe operator, in

the position displaying the signal at dan- 4. In safety devices for thedisplay of train- I order signals, a case containing train-order blanksnormally inaccessible; and mechanism compelling the display of thesignal and the operation of a time-recorder as a means of gaining accessto the tablets, as specified and for the purpose set forth. I v

5. In safety devices for the display of trairif order signals, a casecontaining train-order blanks normally inaccessible therein; meanscompelling the display of the signal at danger, the setting of an alarmfor trains'-both locked in these positionsand the operation of atime-recorder, whenever the tablets are rendered accessible, asspecifiedand for the purpose set forth.

6. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a receptaclehaving train-order blanks normally locked therein; and mechanism forcontrolling the signal and an alarm, and operating a time-recorder;means cooperating with said mechanism by which-,in the act of gainingaccess to the tablets-it is locked, beyond the control of the operator,in position to display the danger-signal,and to set the alarm fortrains, as specified and for the purpose set forth. a

7. In safetydevices for the display of trainorder signals, a receptaclehaving train-order blanks normally locked therein; a door therefor; andsignal-controlling means, carried by said receptacle and cooperatingwith said door to lock and unlock the same in such a Way that the act oflocking and unlocking the door displays the signals, as specified andfor the purpose set forth.

8. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinet; aseries of tablets normally housed and locked therein; an operating-barforming a lock therefor and controlling the signal; and designed to belocked itself by any one, or more, of a series of locks controlled bythe tablets, whereby the act of locking the cabinet displays the whitesignal, that of unlocking it the red, and that of removing a tablet fromit looks the signal at red, as specified and for the purpose set forth.r

9. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, atablet-cabinet carrying sig nal-operating means, and having a doorcooperating with said means, whereby the signal is locked in whicheverposition it is caused to assume, as specified and for the purpose setforth.

10. In safety devices for displaying trainorder signals, a cabinet, alocking-door cooperating therewith, means mechanical for locking andunlocking the door-whioh means also controls the signal-whereby the actsof locking and unlocking the door display the signals; said door alsocooperating simultaneously with said signal-operating means, to lock thesignal in whichever position it is caused to assume, as specified andfor the purpose set forth.

11. In safety devices for displaying trainordersignals, the combinationwith a cabinet, of signal-controlling means, and a door adapted tocooperate with said means and cabinet in such a way that every time thesignal is set red, the door simultaneously unlocks the cabinet and locksthe signal in this position; and every time the signal is set white, thedoor again by a single movement, performs the double function of lockingthe cabinet and locking the signal in this position, as specified andfor the purpose set forth.

12. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, thecombination of a cabinet, a door having a projection or uncut-awayportion, a signal-operating bar having a recess or cut-away portion,whereby the cabinet is unlocked and the bar locked whenever it isbrought into position to display the dangersignal and also whereby thecabinet islocked and the bar is locked whenever it is brought intoposition to display the white signal, as specified and for the purposeset forth.

13. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinet;2. series of tablets normally locked therein; a locking-door therefor;means mechanical for locking and unlocking the door and displaying thesignal; a series of locks controlled by said tablets and adapted tocooperate with said signal-operating means, whereby the signal is lockedin the position indicating danger every time a tablet is removed fromits place in the cabinet, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

14. In safety devices for thedisplayot'trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a door and a series of tablets normally locked therein by saiddoor; a bar controlling the door and signal; a series of lockscontrolled by the tablets and cooperating with said bar, whereby the baris locked in the position indicating danger,'every time a tablet isremoved from the cabinet, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

15. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, acabinethavinga door; aseries of tablets normally locked therein by said door;an operating-bar controlling the door and signal; and means whereby saidbar is locked every time a tablet is removed from its place in thecabinet, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

16. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, acabinethavinga door; a series of tablets normally locked therein by said door;an operating-bar having recesses, con trolling the door and signal insuch a way that the movement of said bar, necessary to unlock the door,displays the danger-signal, and brings one of the recesses of saidbarinto registration with the series of tablet-locks, so that one ofsaid locks enters said recess every time a tablet is removed from itsplace in the cabinet, as specified and for the purpose set forth. I

17. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinet;a locking-door therefor, in cooperation with the signal-actuatingmechanism a series of tablets normally locked therein, and controlling aseries of locks also cooperating with the signal-actuating mechanism,whereby said mechanism is unlocked only when all the tablets are in thecabinet, and the door closed upon them, as specified and for the purposeset forth.

18. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving signal-operating connections and a series of train-order tablets,always housed and locked therein, when the signal is set clear, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

19. In safetydevices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving signal-operating connections, and a series of train-order tabletsnormally housed therein, accessible only when the signal is set atdanger, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

20. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving projecting sides provided with grooves; a door movably receivedby said grooves; a signal-operating bar disposed at right angles to saiddoor, and cooperating therewith whereby the signal is displayed atdanger, and locked in that position, by the act of unlocking and openingthe door, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

21. Insafetydevicesforthedisplayoftrainorder signals, a slidable doorhaving an uncut-away portion or projection adapted to cooperate with acut-away portion or recess of signal-operating means, whereby the dooris permitted to become unlocked, as specified and for the purpose setforth.

22. In safety devices for displaying trainorder signals, a cabinet, adoor therefor, and a signal-operating bar in cotiperation with said doorand adapted to interlock therewith when the signal is set clear, wherebythe door is locked by the bar and the bar is locked by the door, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

23. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a doorhaving an uncut-away portion or projection, adapted to codperate with acut-away portion or recess of signaloperating means, whereby the door isunlocked and thesignal-operating means locked, as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

24:- In safety devices for displaying trainorder signals, a slidabledoor having a recess, and within said recess an uncut-away portion orprojection, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

25. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a doorhaving a projection.

26. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a slidabledoor having a recess, and within said recess an uncut-away portion 'orprojection; said recess adapted to receive signal-operating meansbetween its projecting portion andits opposite side,whereby said door issecurely held in its locked position; said projection being furtherdesigned to be received intoa recess in the signal-operatingmeans,whereby the door is permitted to move in a direct on to unlock thecabinet, and by the same movement to lock the said signaloperatingmeans, as and for the purpose set forth.

27. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a slidabledoor having a recess with an uncut-away portion or projection therein,and an operating -bar received by said recess, whereby the door is heldnormally locked; said bar also having a recess adapted to receive theprojecting portion of the door, thereby permitting the door to becomennlocked while it looks the operating-bar, as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

28. In safetydevicesfor the displayof trainorder signals, a cabinethaving forwardly-extending sides provided with grooves; a doormovably-received into said grooves, and having an aperture provided withan uncut-away portion or projection; a signal-operating bar carried bysaid cabinet and normally received into said aperturelbetween itsuncut-away portion and the opposite side thereof, whereby the door isheld in its locked position; said bar itself having a cut-away portionor recess adapted to receive the uncut-away portion or projection of thedoor, whereby the door.

is unlocked and the signal-operating bar is looked, as specified and forthe purpose set forth.

29. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a door and a series of tablets normally locked therein; a seriesof locks controlled by the tablets; and an operating-bar cooperatingwith said door and series of locks in such a way that when the door isunlocked and a tablet taken from the cabinet, to receive a train-order,the signal is displayed at danger, locked in that position by both thedoor and tablet lock, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

30. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a door with a projection, and a series of tablets normally lockedtherein by said door; a series of locks having projections and normallysupported by said tablets; an operating-bar controlling the door andsignal, and adapted to cooperate with the locks in such a way that everytime the bar is moved to unlock the door, the danger signal isdisplayed, and one of the re-' cesses of said bar is brought intoregistration with the projection of the door, which drops into it bygravity, thereby unlocking the cabinet and locking the bar, whileanother recess of said bar is brought into registration with .the seriesof tablet-locks whereby one of said locks is permitted to dropdownwardly by gravity and engage said bar and further lock the sameevery time a tablet is removed from ries of tablet-locks being eachprovided witha projection having an inclined side adapted to contactwith a tablet by which it is elevated and normally held out ofengagement with the signal-operating means, as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

32. In safety devices for the displayof trainorder signals, a cabinethaving shelves'with recesses, and intervening spaces; a series oftablets carried in said intervening spaces and normally locked therein;an operating-bar controlling the door and signal; a series oftablet-locks having projections extending into the recesses of theshelves, and operated by said tablets tolock the operating-bar whenevera tablet is removed from the cabinet, as specified and for the purposeset forth. 1

33. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving shelves and intervening spaces; a series of tablets havingextended base-pieces, and carried in said intervening spaces andnormally locked therein; an operating-bar controlling thelockingmechanism therefor, and the signal; a series of locks--havingprojections with inclined faces extending into recesses in the shelveselevated and normally supported out of engagement with the operating barby the extended base-pieces of the tablets, entered beneath the inclinedsides of the projections; said extended base-pieces of the tabletsoverreaching the recesses in the shelves, and being supported by thewalls of said recesses, thereby permitting the use of comparativelylight and thin material in the manufacture of said base-pieces, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

34. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethavingaseries of tablets normally locked therein, and signal-controllingmechanism, and means by which the signal is set at danger, and is doublylocked in that position, Whenever the operator has undeliveredtrain-orders on hand; and a third independent lock, also cooperatingwith said signal-controlling mechanism, whereby the signal isadditionally locked when set at danger; said independent lock beingcontrolled by some designated party, whose presence and cooperation arenecessary to unlock the same whenever it is desired to change thesignal, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

35. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals a cabinethaving a door and a series of tablets normally locked therein by saiddoor; a series of locks controlled by the tablets; an independent lock;and an operating-bar controlling the door and signal and adapted tocooperate with said door and locks in such away that whenever the bar ismoved sufficiently to unlock the door, the dangersignal is displayed andone of the recesses of said bar is brought into registration with aprojection of the door, which projection drops down into said recess bygravity, thereby locking the bar and unlocking the cabinet; whileanother recess of said bar is brought into registration with the seriesof tablet-locks, by which the bar is additionally engaged and locked,whenever one or more tablets are removed from the cabinet; while at thesame time a third recess of said bar is brought into registration andengagement with the independent lock, by all of which means theoperating-bar is triply locked, whenever the operator has undeliveredtrain-orders on hand; said independent lock being controlled by somedesignated party whose presence and cooperation are necessary to unlockthe same whenever it is desired to change the signal, as specified andfor the purpose set forth.

36. In safetydevices for the display of trainorder'signals, a cabinethaving a series of tablets normally locked therein and a signaloperatingbar and means cooperating therewith, by which the signal is of necessityset at danger, and is locked in that position, as a means of gainingaccess to the tablets; and means whereby the signal is additionallylocked whenever one or more tablets are removed from the cabinet; and athird independent lock, which also engages the operating-barautomatically whenever the signal is set in that position; said thirdlock being under the control of some designated party, whose presenceand cooperation are necessary in order to change the signal, by all ofwhich means the signal is triply locked at danger whenever the operatorhas undelivered train-orders on hand, as and for the purpose set forth.

37. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a signal,and means in cooperation therewith by which a record is made of the timeat which each change of the signal takes place, as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

38. In safety devices for the displayof trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a series of tablets, and signal-operating mech anism, and meanscooperating therewith, compelling the operation of said mechanism andthrough it the display of the signal at danger, every time a train-orderis received after the signal has been set at clear, and means carried bysaid signal-operating mechanism, adapted to cooperate with a Watchmanstime-recorder, whereby a record is made of the time at which each changeof the signal takes place, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

39. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a series of esasei tablets and a signal-operating bar, and meanscompelling the operation of said bar in a way to display and lock thesignal at danger, every time a train-order is received, provided thesignal is not already set at danger; and means carried by said barbringing it in coiiperation with a watchmans time-re corder, whereby arecord is made of the time at which each operation of the signal takesplace, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

40. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving tablets, and signal-operating mechanism, and means compelling theoperation of said mechanism in a way to display the signal at dangerevery time a train-order is received, provided it is not already in thatposition; means cooperating with said mechanism for recording the timeat which each operation of the signal takes place; and alarm mechanismin cooperation with said signaloperating mechanism, and therailroad-track,by which an alarm is sounded every time a train passes asignal set at danger, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

41. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a cabinethaving a signal-operating bar, and means compelling that the signalshall be locked in the position indicating danger whenever the operatorhas undelivered train-orders on hand; means coop crating with said barfor recording the time at which each change of the signal takes place;and further means controlled by said bar whereby an alarm is sounded,every time a train passes the signal when set at danger, as specifiedand for the purpose set forth.

42. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,signal-operating mechanism, and means cooperating therewith forrecording the time at which each change of the sig nal takes place; incombination with means for sounding an alarm whenever a train passes asignal set at danger, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

43. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,signal-operating mechanism, and means cooperating therewith for soundingan alarm, every time a train passes a signal set at danger, and everytime the signal is changed,as specified and for the purpose set forth.

44. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, areceptacle having train-order blanks normally housed and locked therein;signal and alarm controlling mechanism; and means cooperating with saidmechanism, whereby the danger-signal is displayed and the alarm set fortrains-and both locked in these positions, by the act of gaining accessto the tablets,as specified and for the purpose set forth.

45. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, areceptacle having a series of train-order blanks normally lockedtherein; in combination with signal and alarm controlling mechanism andmeans for setting, changing, locking, and unlocking the same in unisonwith each other, by the compulsory acts of gaininaccess to the tablets,and clearing the signal for trains, as specified and for the purpose setforth.

46. In safety devices for the display of trainordersignals; incombination with an alarmbell, alever controlled by the signalingmechanism, and designed to be brought into cooperative relation topassing trains whenever the signal is set at danger; said lever beingconnected to the signaling mechanism by a rod which carries adjustablemeans of engaging the bell, and is connected to the signaling mechanismby means of a slot, whereby said rod is permitted to move freely insounding an alarm,without disturbing the signal,as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

47. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,signal-operating mechanism;

alarm mechanism controlled thereby,and connected therewith by meanspermitting the alarm mechanism to be operated independently of thesignaling mechanism in sounding le rn aizlarm, as specified and for thepurpose set ort 48. In safety devices for the display of trainordersignals, a rod and bell-lever in engagement with signal-operatingmechanism, said rod capable of longitudinal movement upon saidmeehanism,and having means for engaging and ringing the alarm-bell whenthe signal is set at danger, and when the signal is changed from oneposition to another, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

49. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,signaloperating mechanism and an alarm connected therewith,and meansmechanical for sounding the alarm every tim e the signal is changed, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

50. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a rod inslotted engagement with a signal-operating lever and carrying a bracketbrought into cooperative relation to an alarm-bell when the signal isset at danger; said signal-lever, through said rod, also controlling analarm-lever, one end of which is brought into position to be engaged bythe wheels of passing trains when the signal is set at danger, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

51. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a signaland an operating-lever therefor; alarm mechanism controlled by saidlever and terminating in an alarm-lever having one part thereof adjacentto or abutting against one of the rails of the track, and when thesignal is set at danger, elevated above the track sufficiently to bedepressed by the overlapping portion of the wheels of a passing train,as specified and for the purpose set forth.

52. In safety devices for the delivery of trainorders, an alarm-lever,one part of which is 10*- cated adjacent to or in engagement with one.With said mechanism, said alarm-lever norof the rails of arailroad-track and means for preventing any binding or wedging betweensaid rail and lever, andfor locating the ful- 7o crum of said lever in aplane above that occupied by the lever, whereby any binding or wedgingbetween said rail and lever is prevented as specified.

53. In safetydevicesfor the deliveryoftrainorders, a lever having itsfulcrum located in a plane above that occupied by the lever, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

54. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, a leversuspended from a point above itself, said point forming the fulcrum ofthe lever.

55. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,a leverhaving an upwardly-extending projection, and its fulcrum-point locatedtherein, and the lever suspended therefrom; whereby the strain imposedupon said upwardly-projecting portion is always a matter of tension andnot of compression.

56. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, analarm-lever normally swingin g against one of the rails of arailroad-track, and designed to be depressed by the wheels of a passingtrain; and means for moving said lever in a substantially horizontaldirection out of the path of said wheels.

' 57. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals,signal-operating mechanism; a bell-rod and an alarm-lever moving inunison 10o mally swinging against one of the rails of a railroad-trackinto the path of the wheels of a passing train; and means forwithdrawing said lever, in a substantially horizontal direction, out ofthe path of said wheels, whenever the signal is set at clear.

58. In safetydevices for the deliver of-trainorders, an alarm-leverhaving one part designed to abut against a rail and to be depressed, andhaving an upwardly-extending portion containing the fulcrum-point,whereby the end of the lever abutting against the rail, swings from itwhen depressed, as specified and for the purpose set forth.

59. In safety devices for delivering train-orders, signal-operatingmechanism and means mechanical cooperating therewith to sound an alarmevery time the signal is changed, whereby the operator is notified thatthe signal mechanism is in working order, as specified and for thepurpose set forth.

60. In safety devices for delivering train-orders, an alarm-leveradapted to be depressed, and a bell-rod in direct connection therewith;a bracket secured to said rod to contact with an alarm-bell; said rodbeing designed to be thrown or tossed by said lever in a direction tosound an alarm whenever the lever is suddenly depressed, as specifiedand for the purpose set forth.

61. In safety devices for delivering trainorders, an alarm-lever incooperative relation to the wheels of a passing train; a bell-rod inconnection therewith, designed to be thrown or tossed a greater distanceby the sudden depression of said lever, than it would be elevated by agentle depression thereof to the level of the rail; and a bracketcarried by said rod for engaging an alarm-bell, when said rod iselevated to its highest limit, where by the alarm will be sounded byatrain passing rapidly, but will not be sounded by one moving slowly, asspecified and for the purpose set forth.

62. In alarms cooperating with train-order signals, a'counterbalancedlever adapted to be depressed by the wheels of a passing train; a rodcarried by the signaling mechanism and designed to move freely thereonlongitudinally, having two nuts or stops between which it is looselyreceived by a slot in said lever; said nuts being sufficiently separatedfrom each other to permit the bell-rod to move upwardly, by the momentumof a sudden depression a greater distance than it would be elevated by agentle depression of said lever to the level of the rail, as specifiedand for the purpose set forth.

63. In safety devices for the display of trainorder signals, thecombination with signaling mechanism, and alarm mechanism operatedthereby and in unison therewith to sound an alarm every time the signalis changed; of an alarm-lever adapted to be depressed by the Wheels of apassing train, to operate the alarm mechanism independently of thesignaling mechanism; and means of adjusting said alarm mechanism atwill, to prevent the sounding of the alarm when the signal is changed,or when the lover is gently depressed, and to cause an alarm only whenthe lever is suddenly and violently depressed, whereby an alarm may besounded only by a rapidlypassing train, as specified and for the purposeset forth.

64. In safety devices for the display oftrainordersignals,apivotedsignal-operatinglever; a bell-rod havingslotted engagement therewith; and means for tossing said rod verticallyto sound an alarm; the pivot-point of said lever and the point ofengagement with said rod being in a line parallel to the travel of saidrod; whereby no strain can be imposed upon the signaling mechanism, norany motion imparted thereto by the vertical thrust of saidrod.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDlVIN E. OVERIIOLT.

Witnesses:

R. J. SPEER, JULIA 0. SMITH.

